ARTICLES
EFFECT OF SOPHORETIN ON EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF RABBITS WITH Pseudomonas aeruginosa AND Klebsiella pneumoniae
Haifaa B. Najee
Abstract : Forty mature male rabbits were employed in the investigation, and they were separated into 5 equal groups of 8 each. The rabbits in the first group, which served as the control group, were fed a regular diet throughout the trial, the second and third groups were provided a conventional ration, whereas the fourth and fifth groups were fed a food enhanced with Sophoretin. The tested organisms were dissolved in Phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and the CFU count was performed using 10 folds serial dilutions. Thereafter, intramuscular injections of the drug were administered to the animals in the second and fourth groups 22 × 105 (CFU) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the third and fifth groups' animals received intramuscular injections 18 × 106 (CFU) of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Following a 24 hours period, all of the 3rd group's rabbits and three of the 5th group's rabbits died, their stomachs, lungs, spleens, livers, and thigh muscles were removed, weighed, and homogenized with Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) to count the number of Colony forming units (CFU) in all of these organs. Two days later, the remainder fiverabbits of the 5th group were executed, and the prior procedures were carried out. For the 2nd and 4th groups, the prior procedures were carried out for the bacterial count after 48 hours following the bacterial injection, when all of the rabbits in the 2nd group and four rabbits in 4th group died. The remaining 4 rabbits in the fourth group were killed for the bacterial count 2 days later. The findings showed that the addition of Sophoretin to the ration boosted rabbit survival, and that the organ bacterial count of rabbits receiving Sophoretin considerably decreased as compared to rabbits receiving fat-free food at (P≤0.05).
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF MELATONIN ON SEMEN TRAITS OF AWASSI RAMS DURING THE DIFFERENT SEASONS
Salah Mahdi AL-Shammary and E. A. Al-Yasiri
Abstract : In order to better understand how melatonin implantation affects the semen traits of Awassi rams during the non-breeding season, this study was carried out. This study was conducted during the period of December/2020 to August/2021 using fifteen adult Awassi rams. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: control group (without treatment), treated group melatonin implants (54 mg). Semen samples were collected from rams weekly through the artificial vagina. Volume of ejaculate, Mass motility, Individual motility, and consternation of semen are estimated. The volume of semen showed significantly (P< 0.05) higher values than the control in summer. Mass motility showed significantly (P< 0.05) higher values than the control in winter and spring. Individual motility showed significantly (P< 0.05) higher values than the control in winter and summer. The concentration of semen showed significantly (P< 0.05) higher values than the control in winter and spring. Treatment with melatonin implantation significantly improved the physical characteristics of Awassi rams semen during the nonbreeding season.
Full Text PDFMOLECULAR DETECTION OF VIRULENCE GENES AND MDR OF Proteus mirabilis ISOLATED FROM URINE OF DOGS WITH UTI
Thaar Mohammed Najim, Atheer Abdlrazzaq Aldoori and Mustafa Salah Hasan
Abstract : This present study was designed for the molecular detection of virulence genes and MDR of Proteus mirabilis isolated from urine of dogs with UTI. Genomic DNA of Proteus spp. isolates were extracted by using Presto™ Mini g DNA Bacteria Kit Geneaid, USA. The purity and concentration of extracted DNA was measured using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer. It was a very important step to complete PCR assay, which was used to check the extracted DNA by loading the eluted DNA by Agarose gel electrophoresis. Three primers in this study were purchased from Bioneer, Korea to detect Proteus spp. virulence genes (tetA, qepA and aadA1). These primers were prepared according to the information of the company. Then PCR test was done. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was done for 14 different antimicrobials. The present study revealed that tetA was presented in 4 isolates, aadA1 was found in 2 isolates, and only one isolates had qepA gene. The current results of antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that selected isolate was sensitive to levofloxacin, Azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin, while it was resistant to another antibiotics. In conclusion, Proteus mirabilis which was isolated from dogs with UTI was MDR for most antibiotics.
Full Text PDFPREVALENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE Proteus mirabilis IN LOCAL AND IMPORTED CHICKEN MEAT FROM VARIOUS AREAS IN BAGHDAD GOVERNORATE
Athraa Abass Esmiel and Huda Nsaif Jasim
Abstract : The current study aimed to highlight the prevalence of Proteus mirabilis in local and imported chicken meat from various areas in Baghdad, Iraq. This study was conducted in the Department of Veterinary Public Health, Laboratory of Meat Hygiene from September 2020 to January 2021, where the samples of chicken meat were collected under chilled conditions from Baghdad's local markets, and all health aspects were considered when transferring these samples to the laboratory in order to prevent its contamination. The samples were inoculated on plates of specific Proteus agar, Blood agar, and MacConkey agar. The isolated bacteria were identified using colony morphology, Gram stain, MDPDP agar, and confirmed diagnosis by API 20E kits, Vitek2 system, and the first part of this investigation includes the collection of 200 samples (100 local chicken meat and 100 imported chicken meat) from various sites in Baghdad city. It was identified from total samples (200), 38 (19 %) positive samples, which 11 isolates from imported chicken meat and 27 isolates from local chicken meat. The results also showed that there were significant differences at the level (P≤0.05) of the mean count of P. mirabilis from imported chicken meat samples (5.66±0.12) compared to the local chicken meat samples (5.84±0.03) in Baghdad governorate. In conclusion, the prevalence of P. mirabilis from local chicken meat samples is more than imported chicken meat samples which conferring significant public health concerns. Also, the MDR problem of P. mirabilis isolated strains was resistant to Ticarcillin, Meropenem, Minocycline, Gentamicin, and Tobramycin.
Full Text PDFINVESTIGATION OF MANY MYCOTIC TOXINS IN FISH, POULTRY AND RUMINANT FEEDS
Zahid I. Mohammed, Miesaa G. Taher and Ali S. Hassan
Abstract : Fungus toxins are considered one of the most common factors that have a serious impact on animal production. The current study aimed to demonstrate many mycotic toxins in animal feeds. About 500 – 1000 grams of 90 samples have got from poultry, fish, and ruminant feeds at animal farms from different parts of Baquba city in Diyala province, Iraq. All these 90 samples were sent to the laboratory of the College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Diyala from the 1st October 2021 to the 1st November 2021, and these samples were analyzed days after collection. The results recorded significantly lower P < 0.05 of mycotic toxins in ruminant feeds compared with poultry and fish feeds. Also, this study showed increased levels of both Penicilic acid and Afla, with a significant difference of P < 0.05 in ruminant feeds compared with other fungus toxins. The levels of Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol were significantly P < 0.05 greater in fish feed than in poultry and ruminant feeds. The current study recorded a serious remarkable difference of P < 0.05 among levels of mycotic toxins in fish and poultry and Penicilic acid toxin was higher compared with other toxins. In conclusion, the mycotic toxins may be at higher risk in fish and poultry feeds than in ruminant feeds.
Full Text PDFISOLATION AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF Proteus spp. FROM DOGS SUFFERED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Thaar Mohammed Najim, Atheer Abdlrazzaq Aldoori and Mustafa Salah Hasan
Abstract : This investigation was designed for isolation and molecular detection of Proteus spp. from Dogs suffered from Urinary tract infection. All samples of urine from dogs and puppies were used for isolation of this bacteria, samples plated on Blood agar and MacConkey agar media, then biochemical tests were done for identification of bacteria. The VITEK 2 system was used for confirmation of isolates. It was very important step to complete the PCR assay, which was used to check the extracted DNA by loading the eluted DNA with Agarose gel electrophoresis. Three primers in this study were purchased from Bioneer, Korea to detect Proteus spp. virulence genes (ureR, ZapA, mrpA). Then PCR test was done. Two hundred urine samples were taken from all dogs, 127 females, and 73 males, these samples were taken from veterinary clinics in Fallujah, Ramadi, Tikrit, and Aden Square Veterinary Hospital and stray dogs from Karmah, Saqlawiyah, Sicher. Samples were primarily identified through its cultivation, on MacConkey agar, Blood agar due to the presence of swarming phenomena, Gram stain and different other Biochemical tests were also done. Twenty-six isolates were suspected by primary identification, then after, the isolates were confirmed by VITEK2 device, the results of VITEK test confirmed that 19 isolates were Proteus mirabilis. Females were affected significantly higher than male, and also pet were affected more than stray dogs. The current study showed that the age group 4 - 6 months was higher than other age groups. The number and percentages of infection were significantly higher in the age group 1 - 3 months than in other age groups and pet dogs was more infected than stray dogs. The present study revealed that all Proteus isolates possess ureR gene, while zapA and mrpA were presented in 6 isolates.
Full Text PDFPRESERVING QUALITY: INVESTIGATING THE OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF CANNED SAUSAGE FROM SAMAWAH CITY- IRAQ
Mussa M. Alkhatib
Abstract : The rise of industrialization has led to an increase in consumption of the meat-based diets, including processed meat products. Lipids in food provide important characteristics such as aroma, taste, and texture, but they are also highly vulnerable to oxidation, which can cause changes in nutritional value, unpleasant taste and aroma, and reduce shelf-life. meat products, lipid oxidation is a significant issue that persists during post-mortem periods, processing, and storage, Various natural compounds, like phenolic compound, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and carotenoid, have antioxidant properties that can help mitigate the effects of lipid oxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a chemical compound formed through the oxidation of lipids that can pose health hazards to humans. pH changes in meat products can impact and alter various aspects of meat quality, including changes in protein solubility, conformation, and stability. During freezing of the food, changes in salt concentrations and compositions can cause pH changing that can ultimately impact the functional and structural properties of proteins in frozen foods. Understanding the effects of pH changes during freezing is important for developing effective freezing processes and maintaining the quality of the frozen foods. The study aimed to investigated the TBARS value and pH level of canned sausages from Samawah city. The results revealed that the TBARS value of beef sausage was 0.3682±0.18, while that of chicken sausage was 1.6322±0.78. These findings indicate that chicken sausages are more susceptible to lipid oxidation than beef sausages. Additionally, pH value of beef sausage was 5.78±0.19, while that of chicken sausage was 6.302±0.05. The observed difference in pH levels suggests that chicken sausage may be more alkaline than beef sausage.
Full Text PDFCHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF Streptomyces griseus FOR ITS POTENTIAL ACTIVITY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITO LARVAE
M. Abi and G. Rahini
Abstract : Mosquitoes are hazardous to human life all over the world. A major threat achieving successful mosquito control to overcome insecticide resistance to the environment. This study was evaluated the larvicidal activity of Streptomyces isolated from soil sample in Thiruvannamalai Tamilnadu. Confirmatory identification of Streptomyces sp. was based on biochemical characterization and microscopic examination of the organism. The isolated Streptomyces was evaluated for its larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae because Streptomyces griseus produced Chitinase enzymes that are used as potential activity against mosquito larvae. Bioassay methods are employing three dilutions of the Streptomyces griseus culture. The confirmatory isolated organisms are the same as Streptomyces griseus. The outcome of bioassay results that shown a range in the high value of effectiveness depending on the level of exposure to the Streptomyces griseus. A mortality rate of more than 20 % was noted after 60 minutes, increased to 92 %, and then increased exposure time for all dilutions of Streptomyces griseus used. This proved that Streptomyces is an effective bio-larvicide used to reduce or eradicate mosquito larva.
Full Text PDFISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA FROM FROZEN CHICKEN
E. Kaviya and G. Rahini
Abstract : A study was conducted on the Microbiological quality of Frozen chicken sold in Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India. Samples were taken from the neighborhood market. We collected the frozen chicken and tested it for microbial contamination. Microorganisms were isolated and accurately characterized after being analyzed in batches on various parts. With the aid of mechanical components, samples were shaken in order to extract 0.9 g of the sample, which contained 10 ml of Peptone water for which a 10 folds dilution was prepared. The objective of the study was to isolate the bacteria present in the frozen chicken. Staphylococcus aureus was one of the microorganisms that was tested for growth in the 0.1 ml of each dilution that was obtained in various batches and introduced to various medium. These media were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, and within the poultry chicken sample, Salmonella sp. and Pseudomonas were found which is the permitted level of off bacteria present in frozen chicken. Between 1.4 and 2.4 × 10 was the typical upper limit for all bacteria in poultry microbial burdens. The samples examined as a result were microbiologically unsatisfactory. The isolates CFU/g and is between 101 and 10 CFU/g, which is outside the permissible limit. The four medications, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, were tested for antibacterial susceptibility. A few microbes were discovered to be antibiotic-resistant, and the microbial load in the samples that were examined was microbiologically unsatisfactory. A competent sanitary method and storage arrangement thereby encourage the provision of safe poultry products. The outcome suggests that the majority of frozen chicken parts sold in open markets pose a serious risk to public health and could be a source of bacterial food poisoning. A variety of additional harmful microorganisms as well as germs that can contaminate the food during cold storage may be present in frozen chicken. The current study set out to examine the distribution of antibiotic resistance among microbiological contaminants in frozen chicken. The infections in tainted chicken are excellent human carriers, which leads to economic losses brought on the associated danger to customers.
Full Text PDFSTUDY OF SOME SEMEN TRAITS OF AL-AL-KRISHI AND AL-WASSI RAMS AND BATTERED RAMS
Yasser Ammar Ahmood AL-Janabi, Haider M.H. Habeeb and Rahman H.H. Al-Qasimi
Abstract : The current study was conducted at Khairat Al-Etihad station in Al-Shomali district - Babylon. (12) rams were used in the study, including (4) Al-Al-Krishi (4) AL-Wassi, and (4) battering rams (AL-Wassi-Al-Krishi) for the period from January 2023 to April 2023. To study semen physical and chemical traits such as ejaculate volume, percentage of live, dead, and deformed sperm, concentration, group and individual motility, pH, Aspartate aminotransferase (G.O.T), alanine aminotransferase (G.P.T) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results indicated that the best characteristics of the seminal fluid were of the AL-Wassi rams in terms of concentration and ejaculate volume, while the beating rams excelled at a significant level (P>0.01) in individual and group motility and the percentage of live sperm, while the highest percentage of dead and deformed sperm was recorded in the Al-Krishi rams, and the correlation coefficient was high between The AL-Wassi and Al-Al-Krishi rams and low between the battered rams and the AL-Wassi and Al-Al-Krishi rams.
Full Text PDFIDENTIFICATION OF Sarcocystis sp. INFECTION IN CATTLE IN BABYLON PROVINCE, IRAQ
Wisam Naser Kadhim and Qassim Gawad Ameer
Abstract : The present research was conducted in different areas of Babylon City, Iraq for the identification of Sarcocystis spp. by using One hundred twenty esophagus samples of slaughtered cattle (84 male and 36 female) of different age groups (less than 1 Year to up 4 year) were subjected to current study from 10 samples imported beef samples randomly collected at were subjected to current study from July 2022 to the end of December 2022 in different area of Babylon city. Samples were examined by traditional methods (Trichnoscopy, squeezing, and pepsin digestion). In addition, Results using traditional methods show 74.6 % of samples were positive for Sarcocystis infection, and found the pepsin digestion method its best technique used for the detection of Sarcocystis in slaughtered cattle imported and beef tissues, followed by Trichnoscopy and squeezing technique were less sensitive. In addition, we took 10 samples from positive samples in order to make histopathology for them in order to see the cyst and bradyzoites clearly.
Full Text PDFA REVIEW ON HEPATITIS VIRUS-INFECTED COWS MAY EXHIBIT A VARIETY OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS DECREASED MILK OUTPUT
Noor Abady, Hamed AH Al-jabory, Abdul Kareem Salman, Lamees Abdul-Razzaq Abdul-Lateef and Ahmed Hamzah Mosa
Abstract : It is important to note that ruminants, including cows, can be susceptible to other types of viral hepatitis, such as Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) or other pathogens that affect the liver. These infections have different causes, clinical presentations, and management strategies compared to HCV in humans. The studies have been conducted to investigate the susceptibility of cows and other ruminants to HCV infection, these animals are generally considered resistant or highly resistant to HCV. The specific receptors and cellular factors required for HCV entry and replication are not present or functional in ruminant liver cells. Therefore, even if a cow were exposed to HCV, it is unlikely to become infected or develop clinical disease associated with HCV. Hepatitis C (HCV) is primarily a human viral infection and does not naturally infect cows or other ruminant species. HCV belongs to the Flaviviridae family, specifically the Hepacivirus genus. It is highly adapted to human liver cells and exhibits a complex life cycle specific to humans.
Full Text PDFEFFECT OF OPTIMUS PLUS NANO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER SPRAYING ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF TWO CULTIVARS OF ROSELLE Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Bader Hilal Mahdi Abdul Karim Hussein Romi
Abstract : A field experiment was conducted in the fields of a farmer in Al- Musaib project area (15 km north of Hilla) during the spring season of 2022 to investigate the effect of different levels of seaweed extract on the growth and yield of two cultivars of Roselle. The experiment was conducted according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the order of factors and with three replicates. As for the second factor: three concentrations of nano-organic fertilizer (0, 1, and 2 ml/liter). The results showed the following: The eggplant cultivar excelled for all studied (leaf area, chlorophyll content, number of nuts per plant, number of seeds per nut, and vitamin C content), giving the highest mean for the (81.36 cm2, 44.07 spad, 86.02 nut plant-1 nuts, 30.18 nut seeds-1 and 71.94 mg L -1), respectively. Concentration p2 (the third level of organic fertilization) was superior by giving it the highest average of the above-studied (92.90 cm2, 47.08 spads, 195.69 nut plant-1, 33.54 nut seeds-1, 76.86 mg L-1), respectively. As for the bi-interaction between cultivars and nano-organic fertilizer, the combination (V1 X P2) gave the highest mean for the studied (108.39 cm2, 51.80 spads, 270.49 nuts, 38.29 nut seeds-1 and 91.45 mg L-1), respectively.
Full Text PDFSAVOURING HEALTH: UNVEILING THE REMARKABLE ROLE OF SPICES IN PREVENTING CANCER
Pramod S. Chinder, Suraj Hindiskote, Ritika Pathak, Lakshmisagar K, Srivalli Kolla, Diya Pratish Chohan and M. P. Dechamma
Abstract : In recent years, the pursuit of natural and holistic approaches to disease prevention has gained substantial momentum. Among these, the exploration of the intricate relationship between diet and cancer prevention has emerged as a focal point of scientific inquiry. This comprehensive review delves into the captivating realm of Indian spices and their immense potential in hindering the onset and progression of cancer. Spices, renowned for their captivating flavors and aromatic profiles, have been treasured since ancient times for their culinary and medicinal value. However, it is their concealed prowess as reservoirs of bioactive compounds with potential anti-cancer properties that have ignited fervent research interest. Through an intricate interplay of various phytochemicals such as curcumin, capsaicin, gingerol, thymoquinone, and many others; spices have demonstrated their ability to impede key processes in tumorigenesis, including uncontrolled cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation. As the scientific community endeavors to unravel the intricate mechanisms behind the link between spices and cancer prevention, this review amalgamates current knowledge, highlights gaps in understanding, and underscores the necessity for multidisciplinary collaborations. The exploration of spices as agents of cancer prevention not only enriches the realm of culinary arts but also unveils an exciting frontier in the pursuit of innovative, complementary strategies to curtail the global burden of cancer.
Full Text PDFEFFICIENCY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUND FROM THE PEEL EXTRACT OF Citrus sinunsis AND Citrus medica AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES FROM WOUND INFECTION
S. Kavi Karunya, R. S. Sattar Al-Eqabi, P. Saranraj, K. Jagathy and F. Roseline
Abstract : An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of many types of microorganisms. The citrus product has an important and physiological role because of its commercial value in the food and pharmaceutical industries of the entire world. Many pharmacological studies have been conducted to investigate the properties of Citrus in an attempt to authenticate its use as a multi-purpose medicinal agent. Finding healing powers in plants is an ancient idea. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) medicinal plants would be the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. Citrus sinensis and Citrus medica peel extracts were collected for their phytochemical compounds against ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extract. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was tested against bacterial wound pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the peel extracts examined Citrus medica showed the highest antibacterial activity against wound pathogens.
Full Text PDFDETECTION OF Bla VIM-2 GENE IN Pseudomonas aeruginosa ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES IN HILLA PROVINCE
Zahraa Abd AlKareem, Rabab J. H AL-Hasseny and Abbas K. Almansorri
Abstract : Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying the BlaVIM-2 gene has been reported worldwide and is known as one of the prevalent types of Metallo β lactamase ranking second only to NDM. These genes can be horizontally. Are often associated with Integron gene cassettes. This research paper explores the investigation. The study focused on examining the presence of Bla VIM-2 in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Between November 2022 and February 2023, a total of one hundred patients were admitted to Hilla Teaching Hospitals, in Babylon province. A diverse set of 100 samples was collected for analysis including 50 burn swabs (50 %), 10 ear swabs (10 %), 18 wound swabs (18 %), 3 sputum samples from patients with tract infections (3.5 %), and an additional 19 wound swabs (19 %). The identification of carbapenemase genes was carried out using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The findings revealed that among the three Pseudomonas aeruginosa samples to carbapenems, 43 (6.97 %) harbored the Bla VIM-2 gene.
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